Information+Systems,Organizations,Management+and+technology

Information Systems and Oganizations influence one another. Information Systems are built by managers to serve the interests of the business firm

The interaction between information technology and organization is complex and is influenced by many mediating factors ,including the organizations structure ,standard operating procedure ,politics, culture, surrounding environment ,and management decision.

What is an organization? An organization is a stable, formal,social structure that takes resources from the environment and process them to produce outputs. This is a technical definition.

Amore realistic behavioral definition of an organization is that a collection of rights privileges', obligations, and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.

 Common features of organization : Structural characteristics of all organizations : 1- clear division of labor 2-Hierarchy 3-Explicit rules and procedures. 4-Imparial judgment. 5-Technical solution
 * 6- **maximum organizational efficiency.

Routines and business processes  :

All organization including business firm, become very efficient over time because individuals in the firm develop routines for producing goods and services. Routines some times called standard operating procedure are precise rules, procedure and practices that have been developed to cope with virtually all expected situations. As employees learn these routine, they become highly productive and efficient ,and the firm is able to reduce its costs over time as efficiency increases.

2 - organizational politics People in organizations occupy different positions with different specialties, concerns and perspectives. 3-Organizational culture: All organizations have bed rock, unassailable , unquestioned (by the members) assumptions that define their goals and products.  **How information systems impact organizations and business firm : **

1-Economic Impact

2-Organizational and behavioral impact. Firms traditionally grew in size to reduce transaction costs. IT potentially reduces the costs for a given size, shifting the transaction cost curve inward , opening up the possibility of revenues growth with out increasing size, or even revenue growth accompanied by shrinking size.

And as firms grow in size and complexity ,traditionally they experience rising agency costs. IT shifts the agency costs curve down and to the right, enabling firms to increase size while lowering agency costs. Managerial roles fell into three categories : Interpersonal roles : managers acts as figureheads for the organization when they represent their companies to the outside world and perform symbolic duties ,such as giving out employee awards, in their interpersonal role. Informational roles : managers act as the nerve centers of their organizations ,receiving the most concrete, up-to –date information and redistributing it to those who need to be aware of it. Decisional roles: Managers make decisions, in their decisional role, they acts as entrepreneurs by initiating new kinds of activities.  